Tansen is one of the greatest musicians India has produced. Under the patronage of first, Raja Ramchandra Singh of Rewa and later, Akbar, the Mughal emperor, Tansen’s contribution to Hindustani classical music remains matchless even to date.

Early life 

Tansen was born to Mukundram Mishra, also known as Makarand Pandey, a wealthy and popular poet and singer in Gwalior. As a child, Tansen loved going for walks in the forest with the cows. He listened to the animals there and started mimicking their voices. One day, a famous singer, Swami Haridas was passing through the forest with his disciples. Tansen imitated the roar of a  lion to scare them but he was soon caught. Swami Haridas was impressed by the young Tansen’s talent. With the permission of Mukundram Mishra, Tansen became Swami’s disciple.

Training under Swami Haridas and Mohammad Gaus

Tansen dedicated the next eleven years of his life learning music from Swami Haridas in Vrindavan. Later, at the request of his dying father, he took leave of Swami Haridas and joined Mohammad Gaus, a Sufi saint and continued his musical journey.

The friendship with Rani Mrigananini

Mohammad Gaus introduced Tansen to Rani Mriganaini of Gwalior who was a gifted singer herself. After the death of Mohammad Gaus, his house and money got passed on to Tansen. 

Tansen changed his religion and became Ata Khan. He married Hussaini, the lady in waiting to Rani Mriganaini and went on to become a singer of great repute. His fame spread far and wide. Rajaram, the Maharaja of Rewa invited Tansen to be his court singer.

Patronage of Akbar

When Akbar visited the court of Rewa, he was impressed with Tansen’s talent. He asked the Maharaja of Rewas to send Tansen to his court in Delhi as a token of their friendship. Hence, Tansen arrived in Agra in 1556 and became one of the nine gems of Akbar’s court. This was a  rare and coveted honour. Tansen soon became a favourite of the emperor. He would sing melodies at night near Akbar’s bed to help him sleep well and also gently awaken him with his soul-stirring music in the morning.

Deepak Raaga, Tansen’s Test

Some powerful courtiers were jealous of Tansen’s closeness to the emperor and were determined to ruin him. One of them, named Shaukat Mian, questioned Tansen’s genius in open court and instigated Emperor Akbar to let Tansen sing the Deepak raga. This raaga, if sung perfectly, would burn the singer. Shaukat Khan knew that Tansen’s singing was always flawless. 

Tansen understood the courtiers evil intent and asked for two weeks to prepare himself before he performed the raaga. He then asked his daughter and Rupavati, a disciple of Swami Haridas to master Megh raaga in these two weeks. Megh raaga has the power to bring rain and cool everything down. 

On the proclaimed day, people gathered around the palace to witness the performance of Tansen. As Tansen sang, the air became warmer and warmer. Gradually the people were bathed in perspiration and they longed for a cool breeze. After a while, the women, as instructed by Tansen began to sing Megh raaga and the rain poured down on the parched earth. The city rejoiced. The emperor realised the intrigues of his court and punished the guilty courtiers.

Read the complete story of Tansen in our title Tansen, now available on the ACK Comics app, Kindle, Flipkart, and other major e-tailers. 

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The mythology connect 

One can find numerous mentions of oceans in Indian mythology. Some of the most popular ones include the churning of the ocean milk, Hanuman’s leap to Lanka, and Saraswati’s Vadavagni deposit, among others. So what’s the connection with the Indian Navy? After Independence, the Indian Navy adopted the motto, Śaṃ no Varuṇaḥ. This is an ancient invocation to Lord Varuna from the Upanishads, meaning ‘May the Ocean God be auspicious unto us’. This chant is the motto of the Indian Navy to date. 

Did you know?

India is the only nation in the world to have an ocean named after her, the Indian Ocean. 

The world’s first tidal dock

Many places that are now inland were coastal centuries ago. Higher sea levels due to warm weather and long coastline gave rise to numerous trading centres. Lothal, in present-day Gujarat, was one such trading centre. It was an engineering marvel and boasted one of the world’s first tidal docks. It had clever mechanisms to maintain the water-levels despite the changing tides. Precious gemstones, ivory, and shells were exported by the Lothal merchants to places as far as Mesopotamia, present-day the area between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

Cultural influence 

Sea routes not only helped widen the economic horizons but also led to a spread and amalgamation of cultures and traditions. From the temple complex of Angkor Vat in Cambodia to the many versions of Ramayana to the festival of Boita Bandana celebrated in Odisha, this influence is clearly evident. 

In fact, around the 2nd century BCE, when the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka was horrified and disturbed after he witnessed the bloodshed of the Kalinga war, he gave up violence. Embarking on a new journey of life embracing Buddhism, he began sending missionaries across the ocean to spread the teaching of Buddha. Many Indian Buddhists settled in various countries for trade also helped this mission. Even today, Buddhism thrives in countries as far as Myanmar, South Korea, Japan, and Thailand.      

Read the fascinating naval history of India in our latest release ‘The Naval Journey of India Book I: Millennia of Sea Travel’, now available on the ACK Comics app.

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